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Industry Research

Industry-Research

Journalists are burning out. Media leaders can help

High stakes, constant deadlines, and unrelenting pressure are among the qualities that have long defined journalism. The economic pressures faced by the industry have intensified these issues. Unfortunately, burnout is a pressing issue among journalists that affects the industry as a whole. This year alone, more than half of journalists report they think of quitting due to burnout. Alarmingly, 40% of journalists report leaving their previous job because of burnout, underscoring how deeply it affects retention. Muck Rack surveyed nearly 1,800 journalists about their stress levels, burnout, vacation habits, and salary to explore how journalists navigate this career path. The report offers an eye-opening glimpse into the realities of the profession and highlights the challenges journalists face. It also explores potential pathways media companies can take to help create a better balance.

High-stress levels, workload, and the “always-on” dilemma

Journalists report some of the highest stress levels among professionals. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the most stressful, most journalists rated themselves at a 7. Only 20% of respondents described their stress levels below the midpoint, while 67% placed them above it. Several factors drive persistent tension, including a demanding workload and inadequate pay. They also emphasized the impact of modern media’s pervasive “always-on” culture. In other words, primary stressors contributing to burnout are overwhelming workloads, insufficient salaries, and the expectation of constant availability.

The workload for journalists is a significant contributor to their stress. The data reveals that most journalists work on more than four stories simultaneously, with a considerable number handling seven or more projects at once. Managing multiple stories demands high levels of organization and focus, leaving little room for rest or downtime.

The expectation of being “always on” compounds stress levels. Ninety-six percent of journalists report difficulty switching off after work, and about 64% work more than 40 hours weekly. Of these, 13% work over 51 hours weekly. Even when journalists aren’t officially on the clock, the nature of the job often pulls them back in—80% of journalists work outside regular business hours at least once a week.

With heavy workloads and constant pressure, it’s no surprise that many journalists find it difficult to take time off. The most common reasons for skipping vacations include overwhelming workloads, staffing shortages, and the expectation to remain connected.

Even when journalists manage to schedule vacation time, their ability to disconnect is limited. Nearly 70% of respondents said their vacations were interrupted by work. Fewer than one in three say they are able to keep work completely at bay while on paid time off (PTO).

Work environment

The working environment can significantly impact stress levels and overall work-life balance. Journalists are fairly split in their preferences for work arrangements, with many seeking hybrid or fully remote options. Over half of respondents reported that their current work setup positively contributes to their work-life balance. However, a considerable number expressed dissatisfaction with their current arrangements, indicating that improvements in flexibility could help ease stress.

Mental health is another critical aspect of balancing a demanding career with personal well-being. However, fewer than a quarter of journalists have access to mental health services at work. This lack of support is concerning, especially considering the field’s high-stress levels and burnout. While about half of the journalists we surveyed believe they would receive support from their coworkers during mental health struggles, only 42% expect the same from workplace leadership.

The salary gap

The financial realities of journalism also weigh heavily on the work-life balance of professionals. The typical salary for journalists is $67,000, though this figure varies significantly between freelancers and full-time staff. Freelancers, on average, earn $60,000, while non-freelancers earn about $70,000. Over a quarter of freelancers earn less than $40,000 annually, while none earn more than $250,000.

Journalists are the heart of the media business. Without their work, there is no content, no news, and, ultimately, no business model to sustain the industry. They generate stories that inform, educate, and engage audiences, providing the core product that media companies rely on. Yet, despite their essential role, journalists face mounting challenges threatening their ability to continue in the profession. The high stress, relentless deadlines, and mental health strains highlighted in this report are not just personal issues but systemic ones that risk undermining the very foundation of the media industry. If journalists cannot balance their workloads and personal well-being, the ripple effects will inevitably impact content quality and the media business’s sustainability.

To effectively support journalists and safeguard their well-being, media organizations must prioritize the establishment of clear boundaries for after-hours work. They should also create dedicated “focus hours” that are free from unnecessary disruptions. Encouraging uninterrupted paid time off (PTO) is equally crucial, allowing journalists to fully  recharge without the looming pressure of work.

Beyond these structural changes, fostering a culture rooted in empathy, open communication, and peer support can cultivate a healthier, more collaborative environment. By embracing these strategies, media companies will lessen the possibility of burnout. They will also help also ensure that journalists remain resilient, creative, and engage, which will help preserving the integrity and sustainability of the industry.

Industry-Research | Video

Podcasting reshapes audience engagement and brand connections

The evolution of the podcast industry is nothing short of remarkable. Once a niche hobby, podcasting has become a mainstay format in the media landscape, driving entertainment, engagement, and brand connection. Creators are critical to this thriving ecosystem, crafting compelling stories that have done nothing less than revolutionize modern media. The Podcast Trends Report delves into five significant trends in the podcasting world, all viewed through the lens of the creators, which highlights opportunities in this dynamic medium.

Many creators are capitalizing on the podcast opportunity. These creators aren’t just hosting shows; they’re cultivating networks of content that engage listeners across devices and formats. From true crime investigations to heartwarming advice, diverse topics have allowed podcasters to build dedicated fandoms who consume their content religiously. In fact, over half of podcast listeners say they can’t get enough of their favorite shows. To meet this insatiable demand, creators are expanding into new formats like video podcasts, giving audiences a multimedia experience that enhances traditional audio storytelling.

For creators, this expansion means more than just increased visibility. It’s about crafting a holistic entertainment ecosystem that keeps listeners engaged across multiple platforms, allowing for a deeper connection between creators and their audiences. Networks like Team Coco, led by Conan O’Brien, have leveraged their star power to expand into YouTube, video sponsorships, and social media campaigns, proving that podcasts are more than just a “side gig”—they’re the center of today’s media universe.

A media mainstay

Podcasts have evolved beyond being an optional addition to media plans. They effectively drive full-funnel results, provide incremental reach, and create real brand impact. With advancements in advertising technology, brands are tapping into the power of podcasts more than ever. The reach of podcasts extends far beyond audio, with over 13 million monthly listeners consuming audio and video content. This cross-format potential has positioned podcasts as a vital tool in modern media strategies.

Brands like Kia have recognized this potential, utilizing podcasts in campaigns across multiple platforms, from host-read ads on popular shows to video content on YouTube and social media. Such campaigns demonstrate the versatility of podcasts and their ability to serve as a dynamic, multi-channel touchpoint for brands seeking to reach an engaged, loyal audience.

Growth of video podcasts

While audio remains the core of podcasting, video podcasts are quickly gaining momentum. For creators, video presents an opportunity to expand their content’s reach, tapping into audiences on platforms like YouTube. For advertisers, video podcasts offer a new avenue for creative ad placements incorporating visuals, making capturing attention and driving engagement easier. The growth of video podcasts is still in its early stages, but the upside is clear: fans are willing to follow their favorite shows across mediums, and brands that embrace this format stand to gain.

Creators who pivot into video extend their brand’s footprint and foster deeper connections with their audience. Video enables fans to engage with the content in a new, more immersive way, blending the intimacy of audio with the visual appeal that drives platforms like YouTube. This format is becoming a vital pillar of the podcasting world, creating fresh opportunities for brands and creators alike.

Bridging cultural gaps

One of podcasting’s greatest strengths is its ability to bridge cultural gaps. Listeners come to podcasts seeking authentic voices and real conversations that resonate with their identities and experiences. According to our data, 58% of multicultural podcast listeners say podcasts allow them to hear from diverse creators, and nearly 30% are more likely to tune in to connect with their culture or community.

Investing in diverse creators allows advertisers to reach new audiences and foster trust and loyalty. Brands that partner with podcasts focusing on culturally relevant topics or collaborate with creators from diverse backgrounds are well-positioned to make a lasting impact. For instance, our “Diverse Voices” collection provides a platform for underrepresented podcasters, offering brands a way to tap into this growing market.

Binge-worthy content becomes a podcasting trend

Binge culture is dominating TV and streaming platforms and is now becoming a podcasting trend. Creators are releasing seasonal drops and limited series to encourage listeners to consume multiple episodes back-to-back. This trend is transforming how podcast content is structured and consumed. Nearly two-thirds of podcast listeners report bingeing multiple episodes in a single session, indicating that podcasting adapts to audience preferences for serialized, binge-able content.

This format also presents exciting opportunities for brands. Seasonal podcasts or limited series allow for continuous engagement, with brands sponsoring entire seasons or crafting storylines that extend across multiple episodes. This gives listeners a richer, more integrated experience while amplifying brand visibility.

Creators will fuel the future of podcasting with their creativity and passion. From expanding into video to telling binge-worthy stories, podcasters are breaking new ground and opening new opportunities for brands and audiences. As the medium continues to grow and evolve, brands that invest in podcasts—and the diverse voices behind them—will be well-positioned to tap into one of the younger audiences.

Industry-Research

Newsrooms should consider collaborating with content creators

The shifting dynamics of the digital news industry are reshaping how outlets connect with audiences, and the definition of “journalist” is changing. Influencers on platforms like TikTok and YouTube successfully engage audiences in ways that traditional newsrooms sometimes struggle to achieve. As media consumption habits shift, the creator community offers a valuable vehicle for traditional news organizations.

By collaborating with influential creators, news outlets can access new, often younger, audiences they might overlook. Evolving its newsroom strategies, the Baltimore Banner surpassed subscription goals and expanded its newsroom to 80 staff members. Similarly, the 133-year-old Seattle Times reached record circulation levels, reflecting a broader trend of local and nonprofit outlets successfully adapting to new challenges.

The Poynter Institute’s new report highlights these trends. It identifies how the journalism industry increasingly relies on innovative strategies to adapt, with content creators and influencers playing a critical role in this transformation. While traditional news organizations face ongoing disruptions, this report shows that the demand for credible news remains strong.

Evolving newsroom

Poynter sees the rise of digital content creators, influencers, and the “creator economy” as an opportunity to redefine journalism. Rather than viewing them as purely competition for attention, traditional news organizations can collaborate with a new generation of content creators who bring fresh perspectives and innovative formats.

Social media influencers often cover viral stories, reaching those who get their news primarily from platforms like TikTok or Instagram Reels. Working with content creators can help newsrooms diversify their storytelling formats and engage with younger, digitally savvy audiences. Journalists and creators both serve essential roles in the evolving news ecosystem.

Engaging audiences with news fatigue

Audiences face news fatigue. Wars, political instability, climate change, and economic uncertainty contribute to this exhaustion. However, it’s essential to recognize that news fatigue does not equate to a lack of interest in journalism. On the contrary, data from the Pew Research Center shows that news consumption remains steady, with audiences following major events like the 2024 elections more closely than in previous years.

News organizations must present these topics in ways that resonate with audiences. Context, relevance, and credibility are key to engaging readers and viewers. This is where the rise of the creator economy becomes highly useful. Content creators, with their ability to present news in relatable and entertaining formats, play a unique role in combating news fatigue.

Audiences today are fragmented, consuming information from various platforms and influencers. Journalists and content creators can embrace this reality by delivering tailored, high-quality stories serving distinct audiences. Poynter recommends that rather than diluting content out of fear that audiences will turn away, the focus should be on creating stories that provide context and actionable insights.

Newsrooms must innovate and adapt

Despite ongoing challenges in the news industry, organizations are finding ways to adapt. Collaboration between traditional journalists and digital content creators is key in this evolving landscape, each bringing distinct strengths. The Poynter report highlights the growing influence of creators and influencers in news delivery and building trust with younger audiences. It also explores how they are reshaping the broader media ecosystem.

As the industry transforms, one constant remains: high-quality journalism—whether produced by a traditional newsroom or a smartphone-wielding influencer—retains its crucial role in society. Together, these forces reshape how people consume and trust news. This partnership will shape journalism’s future, ensuring that reliable information reaches audiences in a digital-first world.

Industry-Research | Video

Ad-supported options drive SVOD sign-ups

According to Samba TV’s new report on viewership for the first half of 2024, over-the-top (OTT) consumption grew by 40% year-over-year, highlighting the rising demand for on-demand content.  However, as audiences shift from linear TV, offering streaming video-on-demand (SVOD), ad-supported options are increasingly vital for capturing and retaining viewers.

Meanwhile, linear TV continues its decline, with a 1% drop in year-over-year consumption and a 2% decrease in average daily reach. As the traditional linear TV audience ages, OTT services are starting to dominate the market. And, as the options and pricing models for SVOD proliferate, streamers are experimenting with a number of marketing methods to stand out.

Growth of ad-supported streaming and FAST channels

During the first six months of 2024, more than half of new SVOD sign-ups were driven by ad-supported options, indicating that consumers are increasingly willing to watch ads in exchange for lower subscription fees. Further, 33% of U.S. streamers now watch content on FAST channels. For advertisers, this shift presents ample opportunities to reach cord-cutters and engage with audiences in a more targeted manner.

As competition intensifies among streaming platforms, effective marketing is becoming more crucial than ever. Many streamers are ramping up their advertising efforts in response, with billions of promotional campaign impressions across linear and OTT channels. Paramount+ and Warner Bros. Discovery’s Max leverage their built-in linear presences to boost visibility.

Churn challenges

Churn is a relevant concern despite the consistent addition of subscribers to SVOD platforms. Samba TV cites Antenna data showing that the number of cancellations is rising to the point where the net additions dropped by over 3 million year-over-year. This high churn reflects a broader trend of “subscription cycling,” where users frequently switch between services to access specific content.

While nearly every household in the U.S. streams content, 44% watch only one or two platforms within six months. This highlights the challenge for streamers: keeping viewers engaged long enough to deter them from canceling their subscriptions. Streamers must optimize their release schedules, promote loyalty through bundling, and emphasize innovative content, such as live events, to combat churn. Importantly, content remains the primary driver behind subscription cycling, as viewers often return to previously abandoned platforms for highly anticipated new shows.

Streamers increasingly leverage bundling, which provides added value to subscribers. The report notes additional Antenna data revealing that users who subscribe to bundles like the Disney Bundle and Apple One (bundles up to six Apple subscriptions for one lower monthly price) are less likely to cancel their subscriptions than those subscribed to individual services. For example, Apple TV+ had a churn rate of just under 9% in March 2024, while Apple One’s churn rate was less than 4%.

Promoting content across a bundled portfolio helps reduce the risk of audiences churning after finishing a single show. Offering diverse content across multiple services can help prevent subscribers from canceling their subscriptions.

Viewer preferences for SVOD

Viewer preferences continue to evolve in the streaming era, with binge-watching becoming increasingly common. Data from Samba TV shows that audiences are more likely to binge-watch docuseries and crime shows when given the option. These genres drive binge rates by over 60%. In contrast, data shows that comedies and dramas are less likely to be binged.

Interestingly, binge-watching is more prevalent among diverse households and in warmer climates. Cities like Houston, Orlando, and Phoenix show higher binge rates than cooler coastal regions. Additionally, Black and Hispanic households exhibit a stronger tendency to binge-watch than white or Asian households.

Linear TV continues to serve a niche audience, particularly for live sports and news, but the growing preference for streaming platforms is undeniable. SVOD platforms, including those with ad-supported models, that effectively engage viewers by offering compelling content and value through strategic bundling are well-positioned to lead the rapidly evolving TV industry.

Diversity, Equity & Inclusion | Industry-Research

Gaps in employee satisfaction with remote work options

Today’s employees are focused on more than just a steady paycheck. To improve their work-life balance, many media professionals seek flexibility when it comes to hours and work shifts – including the option of four-day workweeks, hybrid shifts, and remote work. In fact, research finds that 42% of office workers would take a 10% pay cut to have the flexibility to work from home. But flexibility is not necessarily a fully-remote work schedule.

New research that looks at the preferences of advertising industry professionals finds that they prefer hybrid work over fully remote or fully on-site scenarios. This stated preference spans demographics, tenure levels, and company size.

However, more would prefer to work completely from outside the office than are currently doing so, and there is a greater gap between current and preferred work scenarios among mid-career professionals, employees of local/regional media agencies, and those who identify as Black, Latino, and/or LGBTQ+. These preferences are revealed in the Myers Report 2024 Survey of Advertising Industry Professionals, based on a recent survey of 3,462 advertising professionals. The gap between current and preferred work scenarios offers insight to media leaders interested in attracting and retaining diverse talent.

Currently, most advertising professionals are engaged in hybrid work:

  • 74% work in hybrid situations.
  • 25% work entirely remotely.
  • 1% of survey respondents work fully on-site.

Of the 25% who work fully remotely, a third are older professionals, 55 and up, whereas only one fifth of younger employees18 to 34 do. More than a third of all employees surveyed would prefer fully remote work.

  • 64% prefer hybrid work.
  • 34% prefer fully remote work.

The survey found small companies with 1-99 employees more likely to offer fully remote work as an option. Currently, 31% of those employed by small companies work entirely from outside the office, compared with just over 20% of employees at companies with 100-999 employees, and about 24% of those at companies with 20K+ employees. The discrepancy between employees who would prefer to work remotely and those currently doing so was lowest among the smallest companies.

Mind the gap!

Currently only 20% of Black advertising professionals work fully remotely. However, almost twice that amount (39%) would prefer to do so. There are also more Latino (37%) and LGBTQ+ (35%) employees who would prefer to work fully remotely as an ideal scenario. These findings are relevant to leaders responsible for DEI and HR, both as indicative of the need to cultivate more inclusive and supportive work environments, and as keys towards developing and maintaining a diverse workforce.

Mid-career professionals with 8-14 years in the industry are also more likely to prefer fully remote work (39%) than new employees or those with over 15 years of experience. Under 30% of employees with two or less years of experience prefer remote work, suggesting that early career professionals may look to on-site collaboration and interaction to improve their career trajectory, while more established professionals are seeking work-life balance. 

Another significant gap appears among employees of local/regional media agencies, where fewer than 20% work fully remotely but over 40% would like to do so. This is an area for improvement when it comes to maximizing employee satisfaction and reducing turnover. In contrast, the alignment between actual and ideal work scenarios among advertisers and brand marketers is more even, with about 30% currently working remotely and about 35% stating that preference.

While there is a slightly higher preference for fully remote work among those aged 55 and up (37%), it is not dramatically different from the preference among the youngest group surveyed, people 18 to 34 (33%). Thus, the gap based on career experience is more significant than that based solely on age.

Set up for success

Based on the survey data, the report authors recommend investing in remote work infrastructure to strengthen workplace culture and improve worker engagement and effectiveness.

  • Bolster communication tools and collaboration platforms.
  • Facilitate team building activities.
  • Train managers on leading remote teams.
  • Draft clear remote work policy.

The report also recommends implementing more flexible work options. Although most advertising professionals of all demographics value the flexibility of working outside the office combined with the benefits of in-person collaboration, awareness of gaps in satisfaction levels can help employers stay competitive by maximizing healthy work environments. Recommendations include:

  • Conduct periodic surveys to assess staff satisfaction with current working arrangements.
  • Enable more remote and hybrid work options based on employee preferences.
  • Consider expanding remote work options for mid-career professionals to retain experienced talent.

Although there are more similarities than differences among worker preferences, even minor discrepancies can point to areas for improvement and help industry leaders maximize staff fulfillment and effectiveness.

Industry-Research

Live streaming audiences are up with new players participating

Fans are spreading their time among an ever-widening variety of platforms and channels when live-streaming video, according to data from the Live Streaming Trends Report. This indicates that, far from being married to favorite platforms, games, or creators, consumers are willing to shop around for fresh content and great experiences. The report compiled by Stream Hatchet finds live streaming viewership up 10% overall in the past year. Twitch still leads as a platform but dropped from 70% to 60% of the market share during the past year.

The report finds that an increasingly diverse array of creators is capturing attention. While the top 5% of creators were responsible for 86% of streaming hours watched for the quarter, that represents a drop from 98% five years ago. This points to opportunity for media leaders to partner with creators or develop their own.

Politics lured viewers, helping push Rumble into the top ten platforms in hours watched for the quarter, surpassing Facebook Live. Based in Toronto and drawing most of its audience from political coverage with uncensored discussion, Rumble’s viewership benefited from content surrounding the U. S. presidential debate. During the debate week, Rumble’s total viewership peaked at 10.7 million hours, with almost a third of those hours coming from streams with keywords related to U.S. candidates and politics. Rumble surpassed Facebook Live by over 40M hours in its first full quarter, becoming the 7th most-watched platform.

In an interesting move, the Democratic National Convention just announced that it would be streaming on a number of non-traditional platforms including social standouts TikTok and Instagram but also on Amazon’s Twitch as well as Prime and YouTube.

Variety of platforms widens

Twitch still holds more than half of the market share (60.3 %), but YouTube Gaming increased its share to almost one quarter of the market (23.4%). Other strong platforms include Kick, which increased its viewership by 163%, now in third place with 5.5% of the market. AfreecaTV came in fourth. Meanwhile, Facebook Live dropped out of the top five.

The market showed opportunity for new platforms. The new South Korean platform Chzzk came in at fourth place, winning 2.1% of the market.  Rumble became the 7th most-watched platform. Bigo Live, offering options like virtual live with 3D avatars, also had a strong debut, reaching 9th place.

Diversity of creators grows

Just as fans tuned into a wider variety of platforms, they also chose to watch a more diverse range of creators. During the past five years, the share of viewership held by the top live streaming channels decreased, boosting opportunity for emerging creators. While the top 0.01% of channels held 45% of the audience five years ago, that percentage fell to 33% by the second quarter of 2024- a12% decrease. A few takeaways stood out.

  • Male live streamers still dominate the market, with American KaiCenat taking the number one spot of the quarter with 43.8 million hours. His 78% increase in viewership this quarter was buoyed in part by the popularity of Elden Ring.
  • Most of the top female live streamers (7 out of 10) engage primarily in Just Chatting rather than gaming.
  • Some Vtubers (virtual YouTubers using avatars) showed an impressive jump in popularity. Kuzuha Channel, run by a male Japanese streamer, increased viewership by 27%, taking the #1 spot among Vtubers. Japanese creator Aqua Ch. 湊あくあ and Korean 고세구!, both female, surged 392% and 202% respectively for the quarter, achieving sixth and seventh place.

Top games and genres

The second quarter of 2024 found downloadable content (DLC) dominating new game releases. Elden Ring: Shadow of the Erdtree was by far the most successful new release, reaping 81.2 million hours watched across all platforms in its first 30 days. Destiny 2: The Final Shape was a distant second, with 24.8 million hours. Those two titles combined garnered 55% of the top ten new games’ viewership in their first month.

Across all platforms, a few top games captured the lion’s share of viewing hours. Grand Theft Auto V and League of Legends lead the pack. Combined, these two games accounted for almost 950 million hours watched for the quarter, although they dropped in overall percentage of hours watched.

The action genre soared 30% higher over the past year thanks in large part to Elden Ring, which accounted for 24% of the action genre audience. The survival game Rust rose 150% in viewership, also boosting this category. Driving and Racing games were up 13%. While first person shooter games still topped hours watched at 1.2 billion for the quarter, that number represents a 4% drop since the previous year. Likewise, the action-adventure genre’s viewership declined 24% due to lack of new releases.

Looking forward

The live video game streaming market is important to the popularity of streaming platforms, game publishers, media, and creators. The latest data demonstrate the industry’s resilience after a post-pandemic slump. Media leaders should continue to keep a close eye on up-and-coming creators and platforms as well as the overall consumption trends of younger audiences.

Industry-Research

Trust in news varies by source and demographics

New studies confirm that Americans’ trust in news media continues to stagnate, in some cases declining to troubling levels. However, trust is not level across demographics. Differences such as age and political affiliation significantly affect trust in the news media. As the industry grapples with this problem, it is helpful to understand which news media sources more Americans trust – and why. 

A new Gallup poll finds Americans’ trust in newspapers and television news remaining near record lows, while average confidence in U.S. institutions overall lingers around 28%. This marks the third consecutive year that confidence in U.S. institutions – which includes news sources as well as Congress, the criminal justice system, banks, and big business – has fallen below 30%. The police were the only organization to gain confidence, rising to a 51% approval rate.

  • Almost half (48%) of U.S. adults report “very little” or no confidence in newspapers. About the same percentage (49%) have at least some confidence in newspapers, with 18% reporting “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence.
  • The majority of U.S. adults (56%) report “very little” or no confidence in television news. 44% have at least some confidence in television news. Only 12% reported “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence.

Partisan divide erodes trust

Americans are divided along party lines when it comes to trust in many U.S. institutions, including news organizations. Democrats reported more confidence than Republicans in 10 institutions, according to the Gallup data. These include newspapers and television news, higher education, organized labor, public schools, the criminal justice system, big technology companies, banks, the medical system, and the presidency. Republicans reported more confidence than Democrats in only three institutions: police, organized religion, and the Supreme Court. 

  • 35% of Democrats report “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in newspaper reporting, compared with only 7% of Republicans.
  • 22% of Democrats report “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in television news, compared to only 6% of Republicans.
  • Independents came in between, with 16% having “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of trust in newspapers, and 11% reporting that level of trust in televised news.

The greatest gaps between Democrats and Republicans showed in approval of the presidency, higher education, and organized labor. Newspapers were a close fourth, with a 28% partisan divide in approval levels.

Which sources gain more trust?

American audiences trust local television news and newspapers significantly more than major national news outlets. 62% of Americans surveyed say they trust local televised news and 58% trust their local newspaper. In contrast, fewer than half of Americans report trusting major news outlets such as CNN, Fox News, NPR and The Washington Post.

Only a third of Americans say they trust news in general. This is according to new analysis and graphics created by Harrison & Hunter Agency Partners, derived from data published in the 2024 Digital News Report by Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. 

Second to local news on the trust scale, slightly over half of Americans surveyed (52%) reported trust in CBS, NBC, and BBC. Newspaper and radio news sources fared slightly worse. The New York Times was the only newspaper to hit the 50% mark in trust, with The Wall Street Journal falling just short at 49%, and The Washington Post at 46%. NPR was trusted by 47% of those surveyed, tied with USA Today. 

Bringing up the bottom of the trust list were Yahoo News (40%) and HuffPost (39%). However, it’s notable that these two media outlets also had the highest neutral ratings. Almost one third of survey respondents answered that they “neither trust nor distrust” these sources, which could indicate that consumers are simply less familiar with them. 

Meanwhile, Fox News and CNN garnered the highest amount of distrust, with 43% reporting they don’t trust Fox News, and 37% reporting they don’t trust CNN. Only 15% of survey respondents were neutral on those highly recognized media outlets. According to the original data in the 2024 Digital News Report, U.S. Democrats are more likely to view and trust a wide range of news sources, whereas Republicans are more likely to rely primarily on Fox News and NewsMax. 

Americans agree more on local news

Three out of four Americans believe news media “is making political polarization worse” according to a recent episode of PBS News Hour’s America at a Crossroads. The episode features Martha Minow of Harvard Law School, author of Saving the News. She explained that midcentury, there were only three major news networks, which benefited from pursuing wide appeal. Now, cable networks can afford to entice a narrower range of viewers with opinion-based news content. Despite stated preferences for objectivity, viewers are drawn to attention-getting material that reinforces their existing beliefs. Thus, the increased association between news and political polarization. “The lack of a shared reality is a crisis in America right now,” Minow remarks.

However, the Pew Research report Americans’ Changing Relationship With Local News finds the partisan divide much less pronounced when it comes to local news. 78% of Democrats trust their local news media to report accurately – and 66% of Republicans agree. Overall, 85% of U.S. adults agreed local news outlets are at least somewhat important to the welfare of their community.

Participants in the Pew Research study expressed these preferences:

  • More variety: Americans enjoy local news on a multitude of topics. About two out of three follow weather, crime, government affairs, traffic and transportation matters. Half say they tune into local news about arts and culture, economic issues, schools, and sports. 
  • More neutrality: A strong majority of adults surveyed (69%) said local journalists should remain neutral on the issues. This held true among all age groups. However, survey respondents aged 18-29 were more likely to approve of advocacy from local journalists (39%). 

While trust in news is a complex issue made more fraught by political polarization, it is worth noting what Americans like about local news. A variety of topics and “news you can use” may help balance partisan material and possibly curtail news avoidance. Whether or not consumer habits align with stated preferences, Americans are largely united in calling for more objectivity in news reporting.

Featured Post | Industry-Research | Perspectives

Engaging young audiences: top trends and tactics

In today’s media landscape, engaging younger audiences is both a challenge and an opportunity for newsrooms. Understanding the media habits and preferences of Gen Z is crucial for the sustainability and long-term relevance of players across the media industry. 

Two recent papers, the latest Digital News Report and FT Strategies Next Gen News Study, offer valuable insights into younger audiences and strategies for effectively reaching and engaging them.

Here are the key trends media executives need to be aware of, followed by suggestions about how to act on them to improve engagement among young audiences. 

Trend 1: A preference for digital 

Not surprisingly, we need to start with (or truly accept) the shift away from traditional media habits. Having grown up with media on-demand and the ability to consume on mobile devices, younger audiences tend to access content very differently from their parents.

In terms of news media, as Nic Newman – the lead author of the Digital News Report – notes, younger audiences are “much less likely to use traditional sources such as TV and radio news and much more likely to access via social media, aggregators, and search.”

Instead, preference is usually given to both short-form and long-form video content on platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. “The youngest group (Gen Z) are most likely to say that social media is their main source of news,” Newman adds. 

Trend 2: Authenticity over traditional credentials

Another critical shift can be seen in concepts of credibility. Traditional benchmarks such as awards and brand recognition, hold less sway with younger consumers, observes FT Strategies’ Liat Fainman-Adelman. 

Instead, perceptions of authenticity are key to this group’s definition of trustworthiness.

“Someone who identifies with a certain community / group or has lived through that event is seen as more credible in covering a related news event,” Fainman-Adelman explains. “Someone documenting their daily life in Ukraine on TikTok may be more popular and trusted than a trained journalist sent to cover the war.”

This trend helps explain the gravitation towards individuals over institutions seen in both reports. 

“Young people want to feel connected to those who are delivering them news and information,” Fainman-Adelman contends. “It’s important for them to see who they really are and understand their underlying motivations.”

Trend 3: A level of news skepticism

Gen Z audiences want to understand the motivations and identities of the people behind the news. However, the formats used by many traditional media outlets often fail to speak to this need. In turn, this has led to a heightened skepticism towards the traditional news media. 

“Individual contributors are seen as more personable and relatable than a faceless byline,” Fainman-Adelman says. 

Subsequently, Newman explains, “because they are exposed to so many different sources, and see so many different perspectives, young people tend to [be] highly skeptical of most information and often question the ‘agenda’ of all news sources including mainstream news providers.”

This tendency is also heightened by the more “lean back” approach seen among many younger users, whereby they consume media in a more passive – and less intentional – manner. Their media experiences are often mediated through algorithms, rather than by going direct to specific sources. 

That means this group is “much less likely to have a connection with traditional news brands preferring the news to come to them,” Newman says, observing how relationships are “driven more by relevance of the content itself rather than where it comes from.” 

Trend 4: Broader definitions of “the news”

Younger audiences also have a looser, more fluid, interpretation of what is news and the trusted sources that are sharing it (e.g. alternative/independent sources, personalities and influencers). 

As Newman outlined in an email interview, “young people make a distinction between ‘the news’ as the narrow, traditional agenda of politics and current affairs and ‘news’ as a much wider umbrella encompassing topics like sports, entertainment, celebrity gossip, culture, and science.

“Often they see narrow(ly-defined) news as a chore to spend as little time with as possible. But are prepared to spend more time with passions and diversions.” 

Trend 5: Navigating information overload 

Participants in FT Strategies’ study were born after the year 2000. “That’s had a pretty significant impact on how they interact with media and technology,” Fainman-Adelman told me via email.

Growing up in the digital age, young audiences are adept at filtering the large volume of content we are exposed to every day to find the material that interests them. That’s one reason why short-form media is particularly appealing to them. 

And despite concerns about shorter attention spans, FT Strategies found that younger audiences do engage in long-form content (e.g. podcasts, online videos etc.) if it is of interest to them.

Five strategic recommendations for media companies to engage younger audiences

Given these insights, media players need to adopt a multifaceted approach to engage younger audiences. Of course, this demographic is not an homogeneous group. Nevertheless, we can identify a number of broad characteristics that publishers should be looking to adopt.

Here are five key approaches media executives need to implement (if you have not already):

Tactic 1: Embrace visually-oriented social networks 

Prioritize platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, where younger people spend much of their time. As Newman notes, the last few Digital News reports have shown that younger audiences are increasingly turning to these networks for news and other content. 

Although media outlets tend to prioritize connections that they can monetize, Fainman-Adelman suggests “developing socially native content to build brand awareness on platforms (and eventually transitioning to more direct relationships).” 

“Engaging the next generation will be crucial for legacy media’s sustainability and reducing the gap now will undoubtedly pay off in the long run,” Fainman-Adelman believes.

Tactic 2: Understand platform dynamics 

YouTube, Instagram and TikTok have some shared qualities, but audiences use them differently. Creators need to tailor content based on the features and audience expectations of each network. 

Fainman-Adelman advises, “Ensuring that news media is highly accessible (e.g., in terms of language, tone, humor) and engaging (e.g., multimedia, interactive, participatory). This “will be critical for building and retaining loyal audiences in the long run.”

Tactic 3: Emphasize authenticity

Shifts in tone are also key to providing a sense of intimacy and authenticity younger audiences crave. The Next Gen News report identifies “how social media personalities’ lived experiences boosted their authenticity and relatability when it came to certain topics.” 

This can be hard for mainstream outlets to replicate. But, the Digital News Report highlights younger players – such as Dylan Page (aka News Daddy) in the UK, Vitus Spehar (best known for Under the Desk News on TikTok) in the USA and Hugo Travers (Hugo Décrypte) in France – which others can learn from. 

Stressing transparency in reporting processes and clearly distinguishing between news, analysis, and opinion can also help build credibility among skeptical younger viewers.

Tactic 4: Embrace diversity

This can take many forms, including using formats such as short videos, podcasts, and interactive articles that are engaging and accessible. Broadening the range of topics covered and adopting a more conversational tone can also make news more appealing to Gen Z audiences.

Meanwhile, FT Strategies make the case for “partnering with creators, empowering editorial talent to share their [personal] stories, and … [hiring] younger and more diverse journalists who are permitted to express themselves in an authentic way, particularly on social media.” 

Sophia Smith Galer (ex-BBC and Vice News) and Taylor Lorenz (The Washington Post) were identified by the report’s Advisory Board as exemplars with large social media followings who enable “their authentic personalities to shine through their work.”

Tactic 5: Change the narrative

“One of the most profound shifts we’ve seen among younger audiences is who and what they see as trustworthy” Fainman-Adelman says.

Media players need to learn from this and avoid doing things the way that they always have done. Afterall, for many younger audiences, these tried and trusted techniques don’t resonate with them. 

Changing the paradigm means being clearer about editorial processes, funding sources, and potential biases. A genuine openness to feedback and audience engagement also matters. 

Incorporating solutions journalism and more positive narratives may also help. Offering content that provides hope and inspires action can resonate with younger demographics (and others), moving away from the “doom and gloom” narrative many consumers associate with the media. 

Bringing it all together

Engaging more effectively with younger audiences requires a deep understanding of their media habits and preferences. There are also potential long-term benefits to this too. As Fainman-Adelman reminds us, “several studies show that young people are often accurate predictors for broader shifts in society.”

Existing trends like widespread multimedia consumption, passively accessing content via social and other indirect ways (instead of doing direct), as well as a desire for shifts in the tone and breadth of content being provided, are here to stay. And they are only going to become more mainstream.

As a result, media players must be willing to experiment with new formats and approaches. These should prioritize authenticity, relevance, diverse content and more diverse voices. Through this, news organizations and publishers will be better placed to build trust and loyalty among younger audiences.

In doing this, Newman reminds us that “mainstream news brands cannot please all young people all the time due to the fragmented ways in which they consume media.” But, he says, “they can give themselves a better chance of being chosen more often.”

As the media landscape continues to evolve, those who adapt will not only survive but thrive. In an increasingly fragmented environment, adopting these strategies to connect with younger audiences can transform media organizations into trusted and preferred content sources for both the next generation and everyone else.

Industry-Research

The impact of media companies opting out of open-web AI training

The internet is seen by some as a vast repository of information readily available for training open and closed AI systems. However, this “data commons” raises significant ethical and legal concerns regarding data consent, attribution, and copyright, particularly for media companies. These concerns are growing due to the fear that AI systems may use the media’s content for training without consent, exacerbating conflicts over intellectual property rights.

A new study, Consent in Crisis: The Rapid Decline of the AI Data Commons, investigates these issues by examining how AI developers use web data and how data access and usage protocols shift over time. This research involves a comprehensive audit of web sources used in major AI training datasets, including C4, RefinedWeb, and Dolma.

The research also evaluates the practices of AI developers, such as Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Cohere, and Meta, as well as non-profit archival organizations such as Common Crawl and the Internet Archive. By focusing on dynamic web domains and tracking changes over time, this study assesses the evolving landscape of data usage and its implications for media companies.

The research observations provide strong empirical evidence for the misalignment between AI uses and web-derived training data. This analysis helps track major shifts in signaling consent preferences and reveals current tools’ limitations.

Increased restrictions on AI data

  • From April 2023 to April 2024, a growing number of websites started blocking AI bots from collecting their data. Websites accomplish this by including specific instructions in files called robots.txt and their terms of service.
  • Impact: About 25% of the most critical data sources and 5% of all data used in some major AI datasets (C4, RefinedWeb, and Dolma) are now off-limits to AI.
  • OpenAI’s bots, which collect data for AI training, are blocked more often than other companies’ bots. The rules about what these bots can and cannot do usually need to be clarified or more consistent.
  • Impact: This inconsistency makes adhering to data usage preferences difficult and indicates ineffective management tools.

Divergence in the web data quality

  • The most popular web domains for AI training are news, forums, encyclopedias and includes academic and government content. These domains contain diverse content, such as images, videos, and audio. Many of these sites montize via ads and paywalls. They also frequently have restrictions for how their content can be used in their terms of service. In contrast, other web domains consist of personal/organizational websites, blogs, and e-commerce sites with less monetization and fewer restrictions.
  • Impact: The increasing restrictions on popular, content-rich websites mean that AI models must increasingly rely on open or user generated content. Thus, they miss out on the highest-quality and most up-to-date information, potentially affecting their performance and accuracy.

Mismatch between web data and AI usage

  • There needs to be a closer connection between the web data collected for training AI and the actual tasks AI systems perform in the real world.
  • Impact: This misalignment could lead to problems with AI systems’ performance and data collection. It may also lead to legal issues related to copyright.

AI economic fears may reshape internet data

  • The use of internet content for AI training, which was not its original intent, shifts incentives for content creation. With the increasing use of paywalls and ads, small-scale content providers might opt out or move to walled platforms to protect their data. Without better control mechanisms for website owners, the open web is likely to shrink further, with more content locked behind paywalls or logins to prevent unauthorized use
  • Impact: This trend could significantly reduce access to high quality information availability for AI training.

The media’s choice to opt out of AI training

While the Internet has served as a critical resource for AI development, the use of the content created by others, including the media, (often at great expense) without consent presents significant ethical and legal challenges. As more media companies choose to exclude their content from AI training, the datasets become less representative and outdated. The decline in data quality reduces the relevance and accuracy of the resulting AI models. Therefore, improved data governance and transparency are essential to allow for open access of content online. It also provides a framework for ethical use of web content for AI training, which in turn should improve the quality of training data.

Industry-Research | Innovation

Does Generative AI aid or homogenize human creativity?

Creativity fuels innovation and expression across various media disciplines. With the advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs), many question how these technologies will influence human creativity. While generative AI may effectively enhance productivity across sectors, its impact on creative processes remains questioned. New research, Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content, investigates AI’s effect on the creative output of short (or micro) fiction. While the research focuses on short stories, the study examines how generative AI influences the production of creative expression, which has larger implications.

Creative assessment

The study evaluates creativity based on two main dimensions: novelty and usefulness. Novelty refers to the story’s originality and uniqueness. Usefulness relates to its potential to develop into a publishable piece. The study randomly assigns participants to one of three experimental conditions for writing a short story: Human-only, Human with one Generative AI idea, and Human with five Generative AI ideas.

The AI-assisted conditions include three-sentence story ideas to inspire creative narratives. This design allows the researchers to assess how AI-generated prompts affect the creativity, quality, and enjoyment of the stories produced. Both writers and 600 independent evaluators assessed these dimensions, providing a comprehensive view of the stories’ creative merit across different conditions.

Usage and creativity

In the two generative AI conditions, 88.4% of participants used AI to generate an initial story idea. In the “Human with one Gen AI idea” group, 82 out of 100 writers did this, while in the “Human with five Gen AI ideas” group, 93 out of 98 writers did the same. When given the option to use AI multiple times in the “Human with five GenAI ideas” group, participants averaged 2.55 requests, with 24.5% asking for a maximum of five ideas.

The findings from the independent evaluators show that access to generative AI significantly enhances the creativity and quality of short stories. Writers who use AI-generated ideas to produce stories consistently rate higher in creativity and writing quality than those written without AI assistance. This effect was particularly noticeable in the Human with five GenAI ideas condition, suggesting that increasing exposure to AI-generated prompts leads to greater creative output.

However, the study also uncovers notable similarities among stories generated with AI assistance. This suggests that while AI can enhance individual creativity, it also homogenizes creative outputs, diminishing the diversity of innovative elements and perspectives. The benefits of generative AI for individual writers may come at the cost of reduced collective novelty in creative outputs.

Implications for stakeholders

Despite several limitations, the research highlights the complex interplay between AI and creativity across different artistic domains. These limitations restrict the creative task by length (eight sentences), medium (writing), and type of output (short story). Additionally, there is no interaction with the LLM or variation in prompts. Future studies should explore longer and more varied creative tasks, different AI models, and the ethical considerations surrounding AI’s role in creative text and video production. Examining the cultural and economic implications in creative media sectors and balancing innovation with preserving artistic diversity is essential.

Generative AI can enhance human creativity by providing novel ideas and streamlining the creative processes. However, its integration into creative media processes must be thoughtful to safeguard the richness and diversity of artistic expression. This study sets the stage for further exploration into generative AI’s evolving capabilities and ethical implications in fostering creativity across diverse artistic domains. As AI technologies evolve, understanding their impact on human creativity is crucial for harnessing their full potential while preserving the essence of human innovation and expression.

Advertising | Industry-Research | Revenue | Supporter Spotlight

How brands’ LGBTQA+ ad-pullback impacted publishers

For years, June’s Pride Month has been a beacon for brands to demonstrate their support for the LGBTQA+ community, often translating into vibrant advertising campaigns across various media outlets focused on these demographics. Historically, these initiatives have served as a celebration of diversity and inclusivity. They’ve also provided a lucrative opportunity for LGBTQA+-themed publishers who saw significant increases in advertising spend during this period.

However, recent trends indicated a significant shift in Pride Month advertising. Brands have increasingly and unfortunately retreated from public LGBTQA+ supportive ad campaigns, influenced by last year’s Bud Light backlash and growing anti-LGBTQA+ legislation. This pullback did not just take the form of a reduction in rainbow-themed products but was deeply reflected in advertising spend. Major players like Target and Starbucks scaled back their Pride-themed offerings and the ripple effect dampened the financial outlook for LGBTQA+-focused advertising this past Pride Month.

Trend analysis: beyond pride month

This retreat hasn’t been confined to June alone. While our data for this period is still pending – a more comprehensive analysis will be available by mid-July – we analyzed advertising spend across 18 LGBTQA+-themed media outlets including national TV, print publications, and online channels, revealing a broader trend that predates Pride Month. In the first four months of 2024 alone, there was a noticeable decrease in advertising commitment. Here’s a detailed data breakdown:

2023 overview

In 2023, the landscape appeared strong, with more than $63 million spent on advertising across selected LGBTQA+ media outlets, marking a 38% increase from the $45.5 million recorded in 2022. Top advertisers such as pharmaceutical brands Biktarby, Spravato, Dovato, Cabenuva, and Apretude significantly contributed, each investing more than $1.8 million.

The momentum shifted in 2024. From January to April, these outlets witnessed a fairly massive 10% decrease in advertising spend compared to the same period in 2023, with $17.9 million spent down from $19.9 million. However, this still represented a 40% increase from the $12.8 million noted between January and April of 2022. Yes, this is better than 2022. But the numbers suggest a volatile advertising environment for these publishers.

Notable declines

Prominent advertisers like Spravato, My Pillow (surprise!), Vitamin Water, and Harlem (an Amazon Prime Video series) slashed budgets almost entirely. This contributed to a collective $2.2 million drop year-over-year. Similarly, Cabenuva and Virgin Voyages cut expenditures by at least 60%, tallying up to a $929K reduction.

Impact on LGBTQA+ publishers

This decrease in advertising spend could be dire for LGBTQA+-focused media outlets that rely on these revenues. These publishers undoubtedly faced a tough loss this year. As brands retreat, the onus falls on LGBTQA+-focused publishers to find new ways to attract and retain advertisers, ensuring they can continue to serve their audiences effectively.

A strategic reassessment

For brands and advertisers, this LGBTQA+ advertising pullback calls for a strategic reassessment. It is crucial to recognize that while immediate reactions to socio-political pressures might seem necessary, they can also undermine long-term brand loyalty and consumer trust, especially within the LGBTQA+ community.

To navigate this complex landscape, brands should consider more sustainable and genuine engagement strategies that extend beyond the confines of Pride Month. This could involve year-round support through consistent representation in advertising, sponsorship of LGBTQA+ events, and partnerships with LGBTQA+ organizations. By integrating inclusivity into the core of their brand ethos, advertisers can build deeper, more authentic connections with their entire customer base.

The road ahead

These advertising insights underscore a cautious approach taken by brands, reflecting a broader hesitation across industries to engage in what has become a politically-charged atmosphere. For LGBTQA+-focused publishers, the challenge will be to navigate this new landscape where traditional peaks in advertising spend are no longer guaranteed. Depending on the 2024 election, we could see even more volatility.

Publishers in this space must now innovate and perhaps look to diversify their brand customer base. With Pride Month shouldering less of the annual revenue, it may be helpful to consider higher impact media types like video and native advertising to help mitigate losses. Above all, media companies should focus on fostering year-round partnerships with brands willing to commit to diversity, equity and inclusion, regardless of the prevailing political climate.

This data not only sheds light on the challenges facing LGBTQA+-focused publishers but also signals a conservative shift across the entire brand landscape, especially during an election year. Heightened scrutiny and polarization have made advertisers more cautious about brand safety– focusing on where and how their ads are displayed. Publishers that provide content with universally appealing themes, such as family, lifestyle, and travel could attract more advertisers, as a result.

Industry-Research

Financial motivation impacts the public’s perception of news

The news media face significant challenges in today’s market, particularly in engaging large, diverse audiences and ensuring that their content is trusted and valued. While much of the discussion around consumer disengagement in news focuses on issues like bias and clickbait, a new culprit has emerged: the public’s perception of profit-driven news.

Some people believe that news companies are increasingly compromising their integrity by prioritizing profit and financial gain, even as the industry struggles to improve its public standing and economic sustainability. Journalism scholars Jacob L Nelson, Seth C Lewis, and Brent Cowley explore factors influencing the perceptions of news trustworthiness. Their research, Money is the root of all evil.’ How the business of journalism shapes trust in news examines how perceptions about news funding influence trust and engagement with news content.

Trust, bias, and skepticism of the news

The authors interviewed 34 news consumers, using the folk theory—a generative approach to uncovering the narratives people construct on any given topic. The root causes of trust understandably vary among individuals. Some respondents attribute their distrust of the news industry to the rise of populism, others to the influence of digital technology, and some to the lack of diversity in traditional newsrooms.

However, despite these varied perspectives, many perceive news reporting as biased. While discussions on bias typically focus on political leanings, economic bias can play an equally significant role. Economic pressures influence public trust; many today believe news organizations prioritize profitability over accurate reporting.

Skepticism toward journalism also stands as a barrier to trust. Respondents highlighting their skepticism and concerns often feel compelled to fact-check and corroborate news stories. They view the news as ideologically biased rather than objective, leading them to consume it critically and avoid accepting journalistic perspectives as entirely truthful.

Is the news profit-driven with an economic bias?

The research participants assume news organizations primarily make money through advertising, leading to a focus on attracting large audiences. They believe this economic pressure results in sensational and often ideological biases in news coverage. The perception of journalism as profit-driven contributes to consumer distrust of news, as they view the news media as prioritizing profit over accurate reporting.

Further, respondents frequently point to journalism’s pursuit of profits as a reason for their deep skepticism. They observe news organizations striving to secure advertising deals and attract large audiences, thinking this will influence the journalists’ reports. Those who see ideological bias in the news perceive it as economically motivated rather than ideologically driven.

Perception controls reality

Audience distrust stems not necessarily from the news media’s actions but from the perception that news organizations prioritize profits above all else. While skepticism towards commercial influence is justified, this study indicates that audiences overwhelmingly view economic interests as dominating journalistic integrity. The respondents’ perception suggests that audiences believe profit-driven priorities significantly compromise journalistic quality.

News without profit-motivations: Non-profit or publicly-funded

The authors believe journalists will not restore public trust solely by maintaining objectivity and avoiding political bias. They recognize the need for news organizations to have revenue goals. However, they recommend addressing the economic model of journalism and demonstrating a clear separation between financial motives and journalistic integrity.

They also see options in non-profit or publicly funded models, which can reduce perceptions of profit-driven motives in the news. While trust in publicly funded outlets like the BBC dropped, a structural shift across the could improve trust. Public funding could especially benefit local newsrooms, which are perceived positively but are financially vulnerable.

It is essential to understand public perceptions of newsroom economic motivations and their impact on trust. Further examination of the assumptions that journalism’s commercial interests shape people’s trust in news is key to understanding the nuances of the industry’s credibility challenges. Meanwhile, increasing transparency can help address audience concerns about revenue and profits influencing journalistic work.

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